1.硅溶膠工(gong)藝屬于稱熔模精密(mi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造，是(shi)一種少切削或無切削的(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造工(gong)藝，是(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造行業中的(de)一項優異的(de)工(gong)藝技術，其(qi)應用非常(chang)廣泛。它不(bu)僅適用于各種類型、各種合(he)金的(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造，而且生產出的(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件尺(chi)寸(cun)精度(du)、表面(mian)質量比其(qi)它鑄(zhu)(zhu)造方法要(yao)高，甚至(zhi)其(qi)它鑄(zhu)(zhu)造方法難于鑄(zhu)(zhu)得的(de)復(fu)雜(za)、耐高溫、不(bu)易(yi)于加工(gong)的(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件，均可采用熔模精密(mi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造鑄(zhu)(zhu)得。

　　2.熔(rong)模精(jing)密鑄(zhu)造(zao)是(shi)在古代蠟模鑄(zhu)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上發展起來的(de)(de)(de)。作為文(wen)明古國，中國是(shi)使用(yong)(yong)這一(yi)技(ji)術較早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)國家(jia)之一(yi)，遠在公元(yuan)前數百年，我國古代勞動(dong)人民就創造(zao)了這種失(shi)蠟鑄(zhu)造(zao)技(ji)術，用(yong)(yong)來鑄(zhu)造(zao)帶有各種精(jing)細花(hua)紋和文(wen)字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)鐘鼎及器皿等制品，如春(chun)秋時的(de)(de)(de)曾侯乙墓尊盤等。曾侯乙墓尊盤底座為多條相互纏繞的(de)(de)(de)龍，它們首尾(wei)相連，上下(xia)交(jiao)錯，形成中間(jian)鏤空的(de)(de)(de)多層(ceng)云(yun)紋狀(zhuang)圖(tu)案，這些圖(tu)案用(yong)(yong)普通(tong)鑄(zhu)造(zao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)很難(nan)制造(zao)出來，而用(yong)(yong)失(shi)蠟法鑄(zhu)造(zao)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，可(ke)以利用(yong)(yong)石蠟沒有強(qiang)度、易于雕(diao)刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)特點，用(yong)(yong)普通(tong)工(gong)(gong)具就可(ke)以雕(diao)刻(ke)出與所要得(de)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)曾侯乙墓尊盤一(yi)樣的(de)(de)(de)石蠟材質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)品，然(ran)后再附(fu)加(jia)澆注系統，涂料、脫蠟、澆注，就可(ke)以得(de)到(dao)精(jing)美的(de)(de)(de)曾侯乙墓尊盤

　　3.現(xian)代熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)在(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)得(de)到(dao)(dao)實際(ji)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)二十世紀四十年代。當時(shi)航空噴氣發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，要求制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)象葉(xie)片、葉(xie)輪、噴嘴等(deng)形狀(zhuang)復(fu)雜(za)，尺(chi)寸精(jing)(jing)確(que)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)表面光潔(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)熱(re)合(he)金(jin)零件(jian)(jian)。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)耐(nai)熱(re)合(he)金(jin)材(cai)料難(nan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，零件(jian)(jian)形狀(zhuang)復(fu)雜(za)，以(yi)(yi)致不能(neng)或(huo)(huo)(huo)難(nan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)它方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)，需(xu)要尋找(zhao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)，于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)借鑒古(gu)代流(liu)傳下來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失蠟(la)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)，經過(guo)(guo)對(dui)材(cai)料和工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)進(jin)，現(xian)代熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)在(zai)(zai)(zai)古(gu)代工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)獲得(de)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)，航空工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)推動(dong)了(le)(le)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，而(er)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷改(gai)(gai)進(jin)和完(wan)善，也為航空工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步提高(gao)(gao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)創造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)了(le)(le)有(you)(you)利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)(jian)。我國是(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)世紀五、六十年代開始將(jiang)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)這(zhe)種先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)到(dao)(dao)巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，相繼在(zai)(zai)(zai)航空、汽(qi)車、機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)、船舶、內燃機(ji)(ji)、氣輪機(ji)(ji)、電訊儀器、武器、醫療器械(xie)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)刀(dao)具(ju)等(deng)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)被廣泛采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，同時(shi)也用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)美術品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)謂熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)，簡(jian)單說就是(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)易熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)材(cai)料(例(li)(li)如蠟(la)料或(huo)(huo)(huo)塑料)制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(簡(jian)稱熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)或(huo)(huo)(huo)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing))，在(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)涂覆若干(gan)(gan)層特(te)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)火(huo)涂料，經過(guo)(guo)干(gan)(gan)燥和硬化(hua)形成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個整體型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)殼(ke)后(hou)(hou)，再用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)蒸汽(qi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)熱(re)水(shui)從型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)殼(ke)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)掉(diao)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，然后(hou)(hou)把型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)殼(ke)置于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)砂(sha)箱中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)四周填充(chong)干(gan)(gan)砂(sha)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，***后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)放(fang)入焙(bei)燒(shao)爐中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)經過(guo)(guo)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)焙(bei)燒(shao)(如采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高(gao)(gao)強度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)殼(ke)時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)不必(bi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)將(jiang)脫模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)殼(ke)直(zhi)(zhi)接焙(bei)燒(shao))，鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)殼(ke)經焙(bei)燒(shao)后(hou)(hou)，于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)澆注(zhu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)融(rong)金(jin)屬而(er)得(de)到(dao)(dao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)。熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)尺(chi)寸精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達CT4-6(砂(sha)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)為CT10^13，壓(ya)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為CT5~7)當然由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)過(guo)(guo)程復(fu)雜(za)，影響鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)尺(chi)寸精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素較(jiao)多，例(li)(li)如模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收縮(suo)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變形、型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)殼(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)加(jia)熱(re)和冷(leng)卻過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)量(liang)變化(hua)、合(he)金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收縮(suo)率(lv)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)凝固過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變形等(deng)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)普通熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)寸精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)雖(sui)然較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)，但其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致性(xing)(xing)(xing)仍需(xu)提高(gao)(gao)(采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)蠟(la)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)尺(chi)寸一(yi)(yi)(yi)致性(xing)(xing)(xing)要提高(gao)(gao)很多)。壓(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)腔表面光潔(jie)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)，熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表面光潔(jie)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)也比(bi)較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)此(ci)(ci)外，型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)殼(ke)由耐(nai)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊(shu)粘(zhan)結劑和耐(nai)火(huo)材(cai)料配(pei)制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)火(huo)涂料涂掛在(zai)(zai)(zai)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)上(shang)而(er)制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)，與熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)融(rong)金(jin)屬直(zhi)(zhi)接接觸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)腔內表面光潔(jie)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)，熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表面光潔(jie)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)比(bi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)達Ra.1.63.2um熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)***大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)點(dian)就是(shi)由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)著很高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)寸精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和表面光潔(jie)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)減少(shao)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，只(zhi)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)零件(jian)(jian)上(shang)要求較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部位(wei)留(liu)少(shao)許加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余量(liang)即可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，甚至某(mou)些鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)只(zhi)留(liu)打磨、拋光余量(liang)，不必(bi)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)即可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。由此(ci)(ci)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)見，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)大量(liang)節省機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)設備(bei)和加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)，大幅度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)節約金(jin)屬原(yuan)材(cai)料。熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另一(yi)(yi)(yi)優(you)點(dian)是(shi)，它可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)各種合(he)金(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)，特(te)別可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)合(he)金(jin)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)。如噴氣式(shi)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)葉(xie)片，其(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)線(xian)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)外廓與冷(leng)卻用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)內腔，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)幾乎無(wu)法(fa)(fa)形成(cheng)(cheng)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)產(chan)不僅(jin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)做(zuo)到(dao)(dao)批量(liang)生(sheng)產(chan)，保證了(le)(le)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致性(xing)(xing)(xing)，而(er)且避免了(le)(le)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou)(hou)殘留(liu)刀(dao)紋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應力集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。